What are the symptoms of uterus cancer?

What are uterine diseases?

In order to define uterine diseases, we must first define the uterine organ, which is called uterus in medical language, and ask "what is uterus?" or what is the uterus?” The question must be answered. The uterus can be defined as the female reproductive organ, with the cervix called the cervix at the end and the fallopian tubes extending to the ovaries on both sides. Pregnancy, which occurs when the egg is fertilized by the sperm, and the fertilized embryo cell settles in the appropriate position and develops in a healthy way, takes place in this organ. The baby develops in the uterus during pregnancy, and when the moment of birth comes, labor occurs with the contraction of the uterine muscles.

The most common diseases in the organ called the uterus, which is the female reproductive cell, can be listed as uterine prolapse (sagging of the uterine tissues), endometriosis and uterine tumors. Uterine tumors occur in two forms, benign and malignant, and malignant tumors are called uterine cancer or uterine cancer.

What is uterine cancer?

Malignant tumors of the uterus can occur in two ways: endometrial cancer, which occurs in the endometrial layer, and cervix (cervical cancer), which occurs in the cervical cells.

• The endometrium layer is a layer of tissue that forms the inner surface of the uterus and thickens during pregnancy. Thickening of the uterus is important for the fertilized egg cell to settle in the uterus and maintain the pregnancy. Tumor tissues form in this area due to uncontrolled division and proliferation of endometrium cells. Malignant tumor tissues lead to endometrial cancer, and these cancer cells often spread to other female reproductive organs. Endometrial cancer may occur due to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, various infections and hormonal effects.
• Another type of cancer that is common in female reproductive organs is cervix cancer. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), which comes into contact with the cervix cells, causes cell structure deterioration and cancer. This uterine cancer, which often occurs in women between the ages of 35-39, can be treated with early diagnosis.

What are the symptoms of uterine cancer?

• The first observed symptoms of endometrial cancer are smelly, bloody or dark-colored vaginal discharge and spotting-like bleeding. In the later stages of the disease, pain, intense and prolonged menstrual bleeding, edema in the legs and groin area, decrease in urine and a resulting increase in blood urea level, excessive weight loss, anemia due to blood loss may be observed.
• Symptoms of cervical cancer can be listed as irregular vaginal bleeding, edema in the legs and groin area, bleeding problem after sexual intercourse, blood in urine or stool, pain, bloody and foul-smelling discharge.

How is uterine cancer diagnosed?

In order to make a definitive diagnosis of uterine cancer, a piece of tissue must be removed from the uterus by curettage and this piece must be evaluated in a clinical setting by a pathologist. After a definitive diagnosis of cancer is made, the behavior of cancer cells in this tissue is examined and uterine cancer is staged. After the staging phase, additional examinations may be performed to detect the cancers potential for spread, its behavior, and other tissues at risk.

What are the treatment methods for uterine cancer?

The most commonly preferred method in surgical treatment is hysterectomy (removal of the uterus). With this operation, all or a certain part of the uterus is removed and all tissue pieces removed after the operation are examined by pathologists. As a result of pathological evaluations, the spread of the disease is determined. If cancer cells have not spread outside the uterus, hysterectomy provides a definitive solution. However, if cancer cells have spread to other organs or lymph tissues, radiation (ray) therapy or chemotherapy (drug) treatment is applied after surgical treatment.